Four types of batteries are most commonly used to power R/C Models; Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad), Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH), Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) cells and Lithium Polymer (Li-Po) cells.
NiCads have the unusual trait of developing a "memory" through frequent charge and discharge cycles. When this happens, the battery cannot be charged to its full capacity. NiMH is similar to NiCad but does not contain expensive (and environmentally risky) cadmium. This is why they are sometimes called the most environmentally friendly battery type. NiMH batteries tend to have a higher capacity than NiCads, suffer far less from voltage depression as they empty, but also have higher internal resistance than NiCads and suffer from larger voltage drops when supplying higher currents. Lithium ion cells are cylindrical and have a rigid metal case. Lithium polymer cells have a flexible, foil-type (polymer laminate) case, but they still contain organic solvent. Since no metal battery cell casing is needed, the battery can be lighter and it can be specifically shaped to fit the device it will power. Due to the denser packaging without the holes between cylindrical cells and the lack of metal casing, the energy density of Li-Po batteries is over 20% higher than that of a classical Li-Ion battery and approximately three times better than NiCads & NiMHs.
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